Europe visa

Europe, a continent rich in history, culture, and diverse landscapes, is a top travel destination for people from all over the world. However, entry requirements vary considerably. The Schengen Area, which includes most EU countries as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland, allows travel without border controls between member states. Uniform visa rules (Schengen Visa) apply for short stays in this area. For nationals of countries exempt from the visa requirement for short stays in the Schengen Area, the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) has recently become a mandatory prerequisite for entry. EU countries that are not (yet) fully part of the Schengen Area (like Ireland, Cyprus, and Bulgaria and Romania with special arrangements) and European countries outside the EU each have their own national visa policies.

Do I need authorisation (ETIAS or Visa) for entry into Europe (Schengen Area)?

Whether you need an authorisation for entry into the Schengen Area or other European countries depends on your nationality, the purpose and duration of your stay, and the specific destination country.

For the Schengen Area (and countries applying ETIAS):

  • Nationals of visa-exempt third countries: Citizens of many countries (e.g., USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom (post-Brexit), Japan, South Korea, etc.) do not need a Schengen visa for tourism or business short stays of up to 90 days within any 180-day period. However, they must obtain an ETIAS travel authorisation online before their trip. ETIAS is also required for entry into Bulgaria, Romania, and Cyprus (as of May 2025).
  • Nationals of visa-required third countries: Citizens of other countries must apply for a Schengen visa (Type C) for any type of short stay in the Schengen Area.
  • EU/EEA/Swiss citizens: Enjoy freedom of movement within the EU/EEA and Switzerland and do not require a visa or ETIAS.

For European countries outside the Schengen Area:

  • EU countries (not fully in the Schengen Area): Ireland and Cyprus have their own national visa regulations. Bulgaria and Romania have been applying Schengen rules for air and sea travel since March 2024 (land border controls provisionally remain), meaning Schengen visas are recognised for these routes, and they also apply ETIAS; however, national visas might still be relevant for certain entries via land borders or for long-term stays until full integration.
  • Non-EU countries in Europe: Countries like the United Kingdom, Serbia, Albania, Ukraine, etc., each have their own independent visa policies.

It is crucial to check the specific requirements based on your nationality and your exact travel destination in Europe.

Authorisation and Visa Categories for Europe (Focus on Schengen Area)

The most relevant categories for travel to Europe, especially to the Schengen Area, are:

ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorisation System)

ETIAS is an electronic travel authorisation (not a visa) for nationals of countries who are exempt from the visa requirement for short stays (up to 90 days in a 180-day period) in the Schengen Area. It is also required for entry into Bulgaria, Romania, and Cyprus. Its purpose is to improve security screening. An approved ETIAS authorisation is generally valid for three years or until the passport expires, whichever comes first, and allows multiple entries for short stays.

Key Requirements:

  • Documents: Valid passport from an ETIAS-required, but Schengen visa-exempt, country.
  • Application Process: Online application via the official ETIAS website (or mobile app). Involves completing the application form with personal data, travel information, and answering security questions. Payment of a fee. Approval is very quick in most cases (minutes to hours) but can take up to a few days if manual processing is needed.
  • Fees: Approx. 7 EUR (as of May 2025, for applicants between 18 and 70 years old; subject to change).

Schengen Visa (Type C – for Short Stays)

Required for nationals of visa-required countries for the Schengen Area. It is valid for tourism, business trips, visits to friends or family, participation in cultural or sports events for a duration of up to 90 days within any 180-day period. It is valid for all Schengen member states.

Key Requirements:

  • Documents: Valid passport (valid for at least 3 months beyond the intended departure from the Schengen Area, with at least two blank pages), completed and signed application form, recent biometric passport photo, travel itinerary (flight reservations, hotel bookings), proof of sufficient financial means, travel medical insurance (minimum coverage 30,000 EUR, valid in all Schengen countries), proof of ties to the home country (e.g., employment certificate, student certificate, property deeds), possibly an invitation letter.
  • Application Process: The application is submitted to the embassy or consulate of the Schengen country that is the main destination (or the country of first entry if no main destination is determined). In many countries, applications are handled by external service providers (Visa Application Centres). Submission of biometric data (fingerprints) is often required. The European Commission is planning the full digitalisation of the application process; the implementation status in May 2025 should be checked.
  • Fees: Standard fee approx. 80 EUR (as of May 2025, reduced or waived for children and certain groups; subject to change).

National Visa (Type D – for Long Stays in a Schengen Country)

Required for stays of more than 90 days in a single Schengen country, e.g., for study, work, or family reunification. This visa is issued by the national authorities of the respective Schengen country according to its own laws. It often also entitles the holder to travel to other Schengen states for up to 90 days within a 180-day period.

Key Requirements:

  • Documents: Vary greatly depending on the country and purpose of stay. Common requirements include: valid passport, application form of the respective country, passport photos, proof of the specific purpose of stay (e.g., university admission letter, employment contract and work permit, marriage certificate for family reunification), proof of financial means, health insurance, police clearance certificate.
  • Application Process: Application directly at the embassy or consulate of the destination country.
  • Fees: Vary by country and visa type.

Visas for EU Countries outside the Schengen Area (e.g., Ireland, Cyprus) and Non-EU/Non-Schengen Countries

EU members like Ireland and Cyprus have their own national visa regulations, which differ from Schengen rules. Bulgaria and Romania, although EU members, apply Schengen rules for air and sea borders (and thus also ETIAS); however, for land borders and certain long-term stays, national rules may still apply until full integration. European countries outside the EU and the Schengen Area (e.g., United Kingdom, Serbia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc.) each have entirely separate and independent visa policies.

Key Requirements: Must be checked individually for the respective country.

Visa for Europe: Final Points to Consider

Planning a trip to Europe requires a careful check of the entry requirements, which depend on your nationality and specific destination. For travel to the Schengen Area, the ETIAS system for visa-exempt nationals and the Schengen visa for visa-required nationals are of central importance. It is essential to always consult the official websites of the European Union (e.g., European Commission websites on Migration and Home Affairs), the national government portals of the respective European countries, and the websites of embassies and consulates for the most up-to-date requirements. The regulations for the United Kingdom have changed since Brexit and require separate attention. Online-Visa.com strives to provide you with a comprehensive overview and detailed information on individual countries. However, this cannot replace individual legal advice or consultation with the aforementioned official sources. Thorough preparation is the key to a successful trip to Europe.